Essay on Fate in Beowulf, Grendel, and Macbeth -- comparison compare c

Fate in Beowulf, Grendel, and Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fate plays a significant role in the Old English epic poem Beowulf and William Shakespeare's play Macbeth.. The major events of the poem, such as the three killings by Beowulf and his own death, are said to have been predestined. In Macbeth, fate is so significant that it is personified by the Weird Sisters, who drive the action of the play. But if predestination exists, then there must be an agent that determines destiny. In Beowulf, God plays this role, and fate is generally accepted as God's will. In John Gardner's Grendel, a novel which serves as a commentary on the poem, fate is totally predetermined, and is the will of no being. By contrast, Macbeth's agents of fate are the Witches, who generally go against God's will.    In all three works, fate plays a powerful role, as it did in many prescientific cultures. Fate is a necessary element in these people's lives so that they can have some means of justifying aspects of their existence. However, the fatal agents in the works differ; in looking at this, one must keep in mind that the three works were written in vastly different time periods, for different audiences, and for different purposes. Beowulf was intended to convert people to Christianity. It cannot be a true story, since it takes place in the sixth century (Raffel, 150), four centuries before Christianity came to Scandinavia. (Creed, 141) Most scholars agree that it was written by a Christian, in order to show how the belief in God can overcome evil. Shakespeare wrote Macbeth in 1606 for a Christian audience, perhaps in an attempt to impress the new king, James I. Since King James was an expert on witchcraft, Shakespeare gave the Witches a significant role in ... ...t P. and Stanley B. Greenfield, Old English Poetry: Fifteen Essays, Providence, RI: Brown University Press, 1967 Epstein, Norrie. The Friendly Shakepeare, New York, Viking Publishing, 1993. Demmick, Donald. "Alienation and the Process of Individuation." http://www.nautis@arches.uga.edu (16 February 1997). Gardner, John. Grendel. 1971; rpt. New York: Vintage Books, 1989. Raffel, Burton. and Alexandra H. Olsen Poems and Prose from the Old English, (Yale University Press)Robert Bjork and John Niles, A Beowulf Handbook (University of Nebraska Press) Schucking, Levin L. "The Ideal of Kingship in Beowulf." In An Anthology of Beowulf Criticism, edited by Lewis E. Nicholson. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1963. Shakespeare, William.   Tragedy of Macbeth . Ed. Barbara Mowat and Paul  Ã‚   Warstine. New York: Washington Press, 1992.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Essay on Fate in Beowulf, Grendel, and Macbeth -- comparison compare c Fate in Beowulf, Grendel, and Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fate plays a significant role in the Old English epic poem Beowulf and William Shakespeare's play Macbeth.. The major events of the poem, such as the three killings by Beowulf and his own death, are said to have been predestined. In Macbeth, fate is so significant that it is personified by the Weird Sisters, who drive the action of the play. But if predestination exists, then there must be an agent that determines destiny. In Beowulf, God plays this role, and fate is generally accepted as God's will. In John Gardner's Grendel, a novel which serves as a commentary on the poem, fate is totally predetermined, and is the will of no being. By contrast, Macbeth's agents of fate are the Witches, who generally go against God's will.    In all three works, fate plays a powerful role, as it did in many prescientific cultures. Fate is a necessary element in these people's lives so that they can have some means of justifying aspects of their existence. However, the fatal agents in the works differ; in looking at this, one must keep in mind that the three works were written in vastly different time periods, for different audiences, and for different purposes. Beowulf was intended to convert people to Christianity. It cannot be a true story, since it takes place in the sixth century (Raffel, 150), four centuries before Christianity came to Scandinavia. (Creed, 141) Most scholars agree that it was written by a Christian, in order to show how the belief in God can overcome evil. Shakespeare wrote Macbeth in 1606 for a Christian audience, perhaps in an attempt to impress the new king, James I. Since King James was an expert on witchcraft, Shakespeare gave the Witches a significant role in ... ...t P. and Stanley B. Greenfield, Old English Poetry: Fifteen Essays, Providence, RI: Brown University Press, 1967 Epstein, Norrie. The Friendly Shakepeare, New York, Viking Publishing, 1993. Demmick, Donald. "Alienation and the Process of Individuation." http://www.nautis@arches.uga.edu (16 February 1997). Gardner, John. Grendel. 1971; rpt. New York: Vintage Books, 1989. Raffel, Burton. and Alexandra H. Olsen Poems and Prose from the Old English, (Yale University Press)Robert Bjork and John Niles, A Beowulf Handbook (University of Nebraska Press) Schucking, Levin L. "The Ideal of Kingship in Beowulf." In An Anthology of Beowulf Criticism, edited by Lewis E. Nicholson. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1963. Shakespeare, William.   Tragedy of Macbeth . Ed. Barbara Mowat and Paul  Ã‚   Warstine. New York: Washington Press, 1992.  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Criminal Justice Paper Essay

The purpose of this Preparation Guide is to provide you with some general direction concerning the content, process, and structure of your class project paper. In the sections below are proffered some helpful information that will prove valuable with respect to facilitating your completion of a course project reflective of the high standards of quality work and personal learning that should be the aim of each participant in the course. Research Students must conduct research to obtain information from which the paper will be written. Sources of information may be classified as being â€Å"primary† or â€Å"secondary†. Primary sources include articles in scholarly/peer reviewed journals, court decisions, statutes, personal memoirs/interviews, government review articles, and so forth. Secondary sources include professional magazines in a related field of study, newspaper articles, book chapters, etc. The student will be graded in part on the depth and thoroughness of the research. For a 8 to 10 page paper, the student should develop approximately 10 sources. It is important that you work on this paper throughout the session and not procrastinate. Getting Started Select any ONE of the following six (6) Research Paper Topics. Other topics may be considered with prior instructor approval, but they must be directly related to a criminological theory for approval. * ONE: CONCEPTS OF CRIME, LAW, AND CRIMINOLOGY 1. Profile a county in your state on the basis of social, economic, and criminological factors. For the social picture the students may want to include such items as population size, rural versus urban area, rate of college graduates, divorce rate, etc. For the economic picture the students may want to include such items as percentage below poverty, average family income, percentage unemployed, rate of home ownership, etc. Census data are useful for the social and economic variables. Criminological factors, such as crime rates, arrest rates, number of officers, etc., can be obtained from  your state crime information center. The focus of the written assignment, then, is to tie the various social and economic forces operating within the county to the levels and types of crimes identified. 2. There are thousands of agencies with the mission of providing services to victims of crime. Complete an in-depth investigation into a specific agency at the local, state, or national level. The paper should include an historical look at the agency, provide statistics on the number and type of victims they assist, offer descriptions of the services provided, give an explanation of the philosophy of the agency, discuss funding sources, and provide information on the location of the agency. You may even want to include a personal interview with a representative of the agency. Try to apply a specific criminological theory. TWO: THEORIES OF CRIME CAUSATION Select a recent crime from a local newspaper. Spend a short amount of time laying out the facts of the case; attach the article to their final paper. Then define and apply one criminological theory that does a good job explaining this type of offense and one criminological theory that does a bad job explaining this type of offense. Integrate facts from the article to support your argument. This paper works best if you apply a specific criminological theory, like Routine Activities Theory, rather than a more â€Å"umbrella† theory, like Social Disorganization Theories. THREE: CRIME TYPOLOGIES 1. Select one type of crime. Provide the legal definition for the offense, incidence rates at both the state and national levels, and clearance rates at both the state and national levels. To what extent does this crime in your state reflect nationwide trends? Try to apply a specific criminological theory. 2. Street crimes (violent and property), enterprise crimes, and public order crimes vary in definition, incidence level, and how society views them. You  may either compare and contrast across these three large crime classifications or select one crime from each of the three categories to use as a representative of that group of offenses. Then discuss how not all crimes are alike or viewed as such. Try to apply a specific criminological theory. FOUR: THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM There are hundreds of treatment and rehabilitation programs for offenders that have been utilized in the past or are currently in favor. Identify one such program and provide an analysis of it. Specific topics to be discussed include the type of offender the program targets, the history of the program, its breadth of use across various facilities, its level of success, the length of the program, the structure of the program, etc. Try to apply a specific criminological theory. NOTE: You are encouraged to use the resources of the DeVry University online library and campus library resources. If you are unable to locate source material at the campus library, you should request the material via â€Å"inter-library loans†. Writing Style In this course you are expected to demonstrate writing proficiency. Pay careful attention to paragraphing, sentence structure, quotation conventions, spelling, punctuation, citation protocol, and other aspects of grammar. Remember to proofread, correcting any typing or printing errors. All papers written for this course should follow the standards that are applicable in the business environment. This includes a business-appropriate writing style and no misspelled words or grammatical errors. Presentation and organization, while not as important as content, will impact your grade. Always write as if the reader is unfamiliar with the material you are presenting. It is important that you learn to catch mechanical errors in your writing. Research has shown that they can make a bad impression. In 2001, Larry Beason published a study of how business persons react to minor writing  errors–â€Å"Ethos and Error: How Business People React to Errors† College Composition and Communication. 53(1), 33-64. He found that â€Å"For some readers, simple accidents or certain errors have little impact, while other readers see the same errors and create a damning portrait of the writer.† Many of the business persons in his study interpreted mechanical errors as evidence that the writer was a poor business person–a faulty thinker, not a detail person, a poor oral communicator, and/or a poorly educated person. Some also interpreted mechanical errors as evidence that the writer was hasty, careless, uncaring, and/or uninformed.† A direct quotation will be indicated by quotation marks (followed by the page number where the quote was taken). Direct quotes longer than three lines, will be indicated by indenting the entire quote and typing it double-spaced (followed by the page number). Unless the style or manner of presentation of the information in the quote is important to the paper, the material will be substantially paraphrased, rather than quoted. The student is reminded that the use of a direct quote or paraphrase without proper citation of the source of the material amounts to plagiarism. Physical Preparation of the Paper See the Course Paper in the Course Home section of our class. Submission Deadlines and Point Value: All submission deadlines will be noted in the class syllabus. See the Course Paper link under Course Home. Citing Work in the Body of the Paper This paper will be written using the latest publication manual of the American Psychological Association (APA). There are two steps in the APA style of documentation: (1) works are cited, in an abbreviated form, in the body of the paper (in-text citation), and (2) full information about all works cited in the text provided at the end of the paper in a section entitled â€Å"Reference Page.† When you need to document the source of your information, you will provide, within the text the paper, the last name of the author(s) of the work (or a short title if the author is unknown), followed by the date the material was published. This can be done in a variety of methods, depending upon the flow of the sentence. For instance, A Check List and a Few Reminders: Did you: * Proof-read your paper * Use quotation marks (hopefully you did not use many, if any, quotes) for any direct quote (complete with page number where quote was taken)? * Check to make sure that all sources used in the text match with the reference page (including correct spelling of authors and dates)? * Review reference page to insure that all sources are complete and in proper order (e.g. alphabetical by author’s last name)? * Number all pages * Write the cover page with the following information: Title of paper, your name, email, Course title, The University, and Due date. * Keep your paper gender neutral? (Do not assume the masculine voice when writing – use â€Å"police officer† rather than â€Å"policeman† or use he/she rather than he). * Keep the tense the same throughout your paper? (should be in past tense – such as, â€Å"research revealed†). * Insure that you have at least 2 complete sentences for a paragraph? (One sentence paragraphs are not accepted in formal writing). * NEVER use a personal pronoun in your paper (such as â€Å"I†, â€Å"my†, etc.). You are not experts in the field. While your opinion is encouraged during classroom discussion, it does NOT belong in a research paper. Plagiarism DeVry University is committed to the highest standards of academic honesty. Acts of academic dishonesty include plagiarism, cheating, bribery, academic fraud, sabotage of research materials, the sale of academic papers, the purchase of academic papers, and the falsification of records. An individual who engages in these or related activities or who knowingly aids another who engages them, is acting in an academically dishonest manner and will be subject to disciplinary action in accordance with the bylaws and procedures of DeVry University (See Student Handbook). Each member of the academic community is expected to give full, fair, and formal credit to any and all sources that have contributed to the formulation of ideas, methods, interpretations, and findings. The absence of such formal credit is an affirmation that the work is fully the writer’s. The term â€Å"sources† includes, but is not limited to, published or unpublished materials, lectures, lecture notes, computer programs, mathematical and other symbolic formulations, course papers, examinations, theses, dissertations, and  comments offered in class or informal discussions. The representation that such work of another is the writer’s represents plagiarism. Care must be taken to document the source of any ideas or arguments. If the actual word of a source is used, it must appear within quotation marks. In cases that are unclear, the writer must take due care to avoid plagiarism. The source should be cited whenever: 1. A text is quoted verbatim   2. Data gathered by another are presented in diagrams or tables/charts 3. The results of a study conducted by another are used   4. The work or intellectual effort of another is paraphrased by the writer. Since the intent to deceive is not a necessary element (strict liability), careful note taking and record keeping is essential in order to avoid plagiarism. In other words, it is like being a little bit pregnant (you either are or you are not). One cannot have â€Å"accidental/unintentional† plagiarism! Students should consult members of the faculty for clarification of the definition and substance of this policy on plagiarism as it applies to their particular discipline. (Source: City University of New York – Proposal on Plagiarism).

Photo Descriptive Essay - 484 Words

Time Photo Descriptive Essay The sweeping vista stretches out before me, offering a delightful study in contrasts, mountain, lake, sky, and desert, a feast for the eyes and soul. Not just the stark beauty, I feel the serenity and isolation of this place. Time seems frozen as I look out over this sun-drenched panorama that stretches for miles. My perch atop the sand dunes is nearly perfect for drinking it all in. The tranquility is almost palpable, like a hug. This impression is heightened by the warm desert air that embraces my skin. There is no wind to disturb the surface of the shimmering turquoise lake, busying itself with reflecting brilliant desert sunlight. The lakes edges nestle against buff-colored sandy shores. How smart was Nature to choose this sumptuous pallet for this time and place, muted beige and stunning aquamarine, to place them side-by-side in this solitary landscape with a faithful mountain standing guard nearby? I wonder about the waters temperature. If I dip in my hand, will the water be co ol and invigorating? Or warm and welcoming instead? I wonder about the waters journey that brought it to rest in this lake. Did this liquid jewel start out as snow high atop the distant Andes peaks, to end up here refreshing the silent desert floor? The early afternoon sunlight bounces off the sun-dappled lake surface. Beyond the lakes distant shore, a chocolate-colored mountain rises from the desert floor pushing its powdered sugared peaks into the cobalt sky.Show MoreRelatedSunday Field Trip And Sketch / Photo Essay1626 Words   |  7 PagesSATURDAY FIELD TRIP AND SKETCH/PHOTO ESSAY The Seattle Area is home to a number of masterpieces of 20th century landscape architecture. During the first week of class, the students and the instructor will collectively decide on one or more landscapes that they are interested in visiting and will be asked to note what Saturdays they are available. 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