True Purpose of Art in Podg

The True Purpose of Art Oscar Wilde was a very shrewd intellectual who through the teachings of Walter Pater and John Ruskin became a strong supporter of the aesthetics movement. This movement was one which wanted to shy society away from the fact that art had a purpose. They wanted simply to have art for art’s sake. In essence what this means is that art’s only true purpose is beauty and there are no underlying symbols, meanings, or derivations of art it is simply art.Oscar Wilde attempts to promote his beliefs about aestheticism in the book â€Å"Picture of Dorian Gray† through his use the character Basil Hallward, the picture of Dorian Gray, and the relationship between Lord Henry and Dorian Gray. Oscar Wilde uses Basil Hallward , specifically his perception of a perfect artist to support his argument that the purpose of art is to be beautiful. From the beginning of the book we can see that Basil has a strong tie to his artwork.In the first chapter when he goe s to visit Lord Henry and shows him the portrait of Dorian he tells Lord Henry that he will not exhibit his work because there is too much of the artist in the painting. This scenario leads Dorian to explain to Lord Henry what the an artist’s role truly is â€Å"An artist should create beautiful things, but should put nothing of his own life into them. We live in an age when men treat art as if it were meant to be a form of autobiography. We have lost the abstract sense of beauty. Someday I will show the world what it is; and for that reason the world shall never see my portrait of Dorian Gray. (30) What basil is saying in this quote is that society has lost the true essence of art and that the true purpose of an artist is to create something of beauty. That is why he will not show his portrait of Dorian to the world because he feels as if the portrait is not just beautiful it has a deeper meaning which relays not only beauty but some deeper emotion. Also the simple sentence structure in this quote also helps relay the fact that an artist’s job is to do the most basic job create something beautiful without it being complex. Wilde also explicitly uses the preface to help support promote the idea that art’s true goal is beauty.He does so by using a very bold quote â€Å"All art is quite useless†. What Oscar Wilde meant by this quote was that art is useless because it attempts to portray an emotion. It does not instruct or command but instead it just sits there waiting to illicit a temporary response from the viewer. In doing so art becomes a sort of temporary tattoo. In that it is short lived and even though it may be beautiful it will eventually be lost in the haze. Now by using the picture of Dorian Gray, Wilde attempts to show us what happens when art is given a purpose.In Chapter 7 Dorian first comes to realize that the portrait is aging while he does not and his response is â€Å"He had uttered a mad wish that he himself might remain young and the portrait grow old; that his own beauty might be untarnished, and the face on the canvas bear the burden of his passions and his sins; that the painted image might be seared with the lines of suffering and thought, and that he might keep all the delicate bloom and loveliness of his then just conscious boyhood. Surely his wish had not been fulfilled? Such things were impossible. It seemed monstrous even to think of them.And yet there was the picture before him, with the touch of cruelty in the mouth†(144). This quote proves that in fact the painting did have a purpose. That purpose being to show the dark change in Dorian as he ages. But why would Wilde go against his own beliefs? He did so to prove a point and that point being that only wrong can come from giving art purpose. The portrait ends up causing the death of Dorian and Basil , the original artist. As Dorian commits more and more sins the picture becomes more and more grotesque until finally it is so hideous that even Dorian cannot stand the sight of the picture.In the beginning of the book however Dorian adored the portrait. This goes to show that when art is given a purpose the art becomes ugly. This is Oscar Wilde’s view means that it is no longer art because the primary function of art is to be beautiful. So if an art is considered ugly than It is no longer art. So therefore whenever art is given a purpose that piece of art is then no longer considered art. Another way Wilde attempts to establish his views on the role of art and the artist is through the relationship between Lord Henry and Dorian Gray.In their relationship Lord Henry is the sculptor and Dorian is his piece of art. After his discussion with his uncle Lord Henry makes it his goal to influence Dorian in his own manner. But similarly with Basil and his portrait this piece of art also has a purpose and the purpose was to change the identity of the art work in order to satisfy Lord Henry’s pleasure of tainting another into his thought process. As you can well imagine this led the art to turn â€Å"ugly†. Ugly in the sense that Dorian became corrupted and evil.He committed the worst of sins and in the beginning what started off as the purest form of art became the most vile piece of art. So again when the purpose shifted from being beautiful to having a different purpose the art , or Dorian, becomes ugly and it is no longer in fact art. This is just another example which supports the fact that art can only be art if its purpose it to be beautiful. A recurring theme in this novel was the purpose of art and Oscar Wilde gives his opinion on this matter through the character Basil Hallward, the picture of Dorian Gray, and the relationship between Lord Henry and Dorian.Oscar Wilde understands the value of art and he believes that art is in fact only art when it has no other purpose but to be beautiful. He believes that when a piece of art is given purpose it corrupts the art and it can turn the artwork into some disfigured picture of reality. Oscar Wilde believes that today people have attempted to expand the boundaries of art and he believes that in doing so people lost the beauty in art. He says that art is only meant to inspire and if any other emotions or thoughts arise then that art is ultimately useless.

Media Violence: Effects on Youth

Media Violence: Is It Corrupting Our Youth? Ever since the Columbine massacre, there has been many people who blame video games for violence among our youth. In the past few years, it has become normal for all branches of media to depict violence as an everyday thing. Because a vast majority of children watch television or play video games, it is no wonder that adults try to make the connection between the two. Although the media can have an affect on kids, there are also a great many socio-economic factors involved in a child’s behavior. This is the problem our society faces now that some people say the media can influence your psyche, perspective, and overall behavior, but so do your friends, so do your parents, so do your teachers, so do books. The real question is who is to blame? Movies, music, television shows, video games, none of these things actually make people commit crimes. Violence in the media and the real world rise in violence among children is not a cause but merely a coincidence. A person is an accumulation of their real life experiences. Children do not turn into a crazed maniac after playing a computer game or seeing a movie with violence. The easiest place to obtain a mind for violence is from a home setting. Adults want to find an outside source for the growth in violence among children instead of taking the blame first hand. It is the parents, those actually responsible for this corruption, who try to suggest otherwise and negligence on the part of those who seek to find a different cause. Adults seem to steer away from the increasingly true fact that our whole American society is doing this to its younger generation, and not just the media. To prove this, news reports after the Columbine massacre in which two troubled teens go on a murderous rampage, attribute the kids actions to a violent game called â€Å"DOOM†. The media is not the problem, because kids will act violent regardless. This tragedy was a result of a mixture of bad peers, bad home life, and the friendship of two people who had anger problems. The parents would have based their actions off of something else if they did not have games like â€Å"DOOM† to avoid scrutiny. Many times kids have outbursts of odd or dangerous behavior that they know will get them in trouble, but instead of taking the blame, they attribute it to some other source, although in this case, it is the parents and news media who do this. An example of this type of behavior is the circumstances surrounding the famous Salem witchcraft trials, where young girls resorted to blaming their unholy actions solely on another person or the devil. These days, the â€Å"devil made me do it† and â€Å"witchcraft† excuse has lost its credibility. Now people have to find something else to take the blame and what easier target than a violent videogame. It was not DOOM that made these kids do what they did, but a mental instability, a penchant for violent behavior, and other psychological factors that did. Sure, they can model their multiple homicides after their favorite video game or death metal lyric, but in the end, they still killed people because they were mentally unstable and antisocial. I firmly believe a greater fault in issues like these lay with the parents, as they are ones that are supposed to teach their kids right from wrong. Later in the investigation, the attention did finally turn to the parents and what they did wrong, but the bad light that had already been put on those types of media has never vanished. With each of these types of cases, rarely do we ever hear of investigations of how these children were raised or what their environments they grew up in were like. A cause for the rise in violence is the fall in interaction between kids and their parents, which can create mental separation where the child does not feel important. This could cause kids to act out, mainly through violence, to get attention from the adults. Parents need to step up their parenting skills and do what they need to do, instead of pointing fingers at everyone else. If these kids are troubled, anything can trigger violence and misbehavior. We have natural logics that develop to what is right and wrong and what is fact and what is fiction. One of the key factors in this development is the parents and other adults in the child’s life. Adults are more influencing to kids than TV shows and video games, so adults should take responsibility for how the child acts. If parents seriously believe that violent media is doing this to their kids, then they should control what the kids can and cannot be exposed to. There are plenty of examples of how not to behave out there. It is up to each person and/or their parents to decide what is and is not acceptable behavior to emulate and fill his or her head with. At the end of the day, regardless of the outcome, we are responsible for our actions. If a person were to compare violence in youth here in the United States and violence in youth in the rest of the world, the person would see that there is little if any correlation between media and violence. It is the people who raise the kids who corrupt them and not the media. Personal responsibility has been slowly eroded over the last twenty years to a point where people are no longer responsible for being morbidly obese or going on crime sprees and murdering people. Personal responsibility is not only a moral and ethical imperative for society; it is liberating and strengthening for an individual. This type of blame shifting is at the core of what is wrong with society today. People need to stand up, take responsibility, and finally make a change.

The Strategic Environment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Strategic Environment - Assignment Example In this period, there has been an increased threat to U.S national security, more than ever before. There are several factors contributing to these threats such as increased development of weapons of mass destruction, more countries becoming a nuclear power, increased formation of a terrorist organization, rebellious groups taking refuge in other countries and operating against U.S interests etc. It can easily be seen that, during the 21 century, there has been an increased threat to a country’s security and national interests. The infamous 9/11 incident that shook the world and brought Al Qaeda on the big screen, the London bombings of 2005, the Mumbai attack in 2008 etc. All these infamous incidents show that every country is under extreme threat whether it is from terrorist organizations, infiltrates within the country or due to any other reason. It is very obvious that a country has to take steps and measures to protect its country and U.S being a global and nuclear power and a world dominant it is very natural to say that it has to safeguard its interests the most. It is safe to assume that the U.S would have the best strategic intelligence cycle in place, but it too is liable to mistakes, such as in 2003 when the strategic intelligence information confirmed that there were weapons of mass destruction in Iraq and therefore invaded Iraq; however, later they were proved wrong as there were no WMD(Johnson 2007). There have been several factors identified by the National Intelligence Security (NIS) which may cause harm to U.S National interests, however the most significant are: Violent Extremism: It has been identified by the NIS that violent extremist groups such as Al-Qaeda, Taliban etc will continue to pose a great threat to U.S security. It has been acknowledged that these people are not causing threat for the purpose of acquiring money or abduction but they are seriously out for what they call revenge and will take any possible steps to cause dish armony and violence in different regions. They have previously done that on several occasions and in different countries such as U.S, U.K etc which shows that they can reach such places even when there is tightest of security present. The steps identified by the U.S to counter them is to identify such terrorist groups and people, intercede and disrupt, cut off aid and supply of weapons of mass destruction and stop their operations. Enhance Cyber security: Enhancement of cyber security is a significant step that the U.S should take in order to reduce the threat of proliferation through cyber space. It has been identified that the architecture of U.S digital structure is not very secure (Johnson 2007). It was found out that there have been attempts to valuable information from the Pentagon through cyber space. Now, all the information is stored digitally, so there has been an increased attempt by these terrorist groups to explore future advancements of America’s intelligence or ganizations, so they may act accordingly. Through cyber space these terrorist organizations have attempted to change or steal information in order to undermine the nation’s confidence and attack the country (Johnson 2007). Increased use of Wifi etc has made internet vulnerable and terrorist could easily hack password of a normal user of Wifi and use it to steal

Creation of Web Portal and Database Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Creation of Web Portal and Database - Essay Example The business needs that will be achieved through the creation of a web portal within the institution includes an improved financial status, increased capacity and efficiency of service delivery, increased institution membership, increased student numbers and retention and enhanced satisfaction among the clients. The system implementation methodology should be applied within the institution in the adoption and installation of the web portal. This will ensure that the objective of the implementation process will be focused at appropriate design, adoption and application of the web portal within the institution (Villeneuve and Aminah, 2003). Additionally the institution will be able to ensure that the adoption and use of the web portal will be congruent with the policies and organization of Brisbane Institute of Art. The capability of the organization to implement the suggested solution is determined by the availability of resources and expertise that will design and maintain the web po rtal. Additionally, the organization must establish security policies that would play a role of securing the information within its databases through regulation of access. It is assumed that the organization has adequate financial resources that will be allocated for the adoption and implementation of the web portal. ... Therefore a cost benefit analysis will be conducted in relation to the strengths and weakness of the company to implement the opportunities of an effective web portal in its functions. More importantly, the stakeholders of the institution must be able to see the benefits that will be achieved through the implementation of the web portal (Griffith, Tansik and Benson, 2002). Solution Scope/Details The solution for Brisbane Institute of Art’s problem is the creation of an up to date website and database for effective management of its operations and enhanced communication among its stakeholders. The design and creation of the website should be compatible with modern software applications. This will enable the institution to enable more features within its website such as the use of multimedia as opposed to the current use of outdated Joomla package which is characterized by evident inefficiencies in processing data. More importantly, there should be creation of a database within the institution for efficient management of records. The creation of the database should also include sub databases such as student record management databases for finances, examinations, personal details and activities. Furthermore the solution for Brisbane Institute of Art should include a database for effective management of its human resource such as instructors to alleviate the problem of increased employee turnover. The creation of an up to date website will affect all areas of the institution. This includes the admissions, administration, human resource, records and human resource departments. For example the admissions department will be able to advertise on the

Listening Journals 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Listening Journals 5 - Essay Example This recording brought together famous and renowned musicians form America and they formed what has over the years been called a super group. The producers behind the song are Quincy jones and Michael Omartian. It has sold well over 20 million copies worldwide since May 7th 1985 (Scott, Michael, and Mutombo 25). The song was written in a very unique style. It was meant to accommodate all the artists who would participate in its recording. The song is sung from a first person viewpoint, which gives the audience to comprehend the message of the song, especially behind the singing of the word â€Å"we† in unison (Scott, Michael, and Mutombo 67). The first verse is sung by Lionel Richie, Stevie Wonder, Paul Simon, Kenny Rogers, James Ingram, Tina turner and Billy Joel. Michael Jackson and Diana Ross come in to sing out the first chorus as a duo, followed by Dionne Warwick, Willie Nelson and Al Jarreau who bring out the words of the second stanza. The second chorus is sung by Bruce Springsteen, Kenny Loggins, Steve Perry and Daryl Hall. The bridge of the song is done by Huey Lewis, Cyndi Lauper and Kim Carnes (Scott, Michael, and Mutombo 56). The song concludes with Ray Charles and Bob Dylan singing the chorus, Wonder and Springsteen singing out a duo while Charles and Ingram performs an ad lib. The main reason for giving these artists specific parts in the song is to create a sense of unending surprise and an emotive build up for the listeners. ‘We are the World’ became a hit single within no time after its recording. It was termed as one of the most popular pop songs at that time. It received good air play and very high sales were recorded immediately after its release. In the history of pop music at that time, the song was said to top the American as well as the world charts. Its success was attributed to the contribution of Michael Jackson, an all-time award winning pop artist. The song required many instruments for its recording. This includ es; cymbals, bass drums, electric bass, trumpets, trombone, clarinet, flute, xylophone, snare drum, tuba, vibes and multiple bass drums. All these instruments are synthesized to bring out a melodious flow of the song from the beginning to the end. The producers were able to harmonize these instruments with the voices of all artists to come up with unique sound effects. Listeners of this song have been quoted saying that the song is well harmonized. Even with the use of all these instruments, the words of the song are heard clearly, which of course was the main aim of the producers. The social drive behind the production of this song was to help aid the Africans who were famine driven. In one of the recording sessions one of the artists, Bob Geldof, addressed the rest (Scott, Michael, and Mutombo 23). He said that what was happening in Africa was tragic and it was important that the world got together to help the continent. He described the catastrophic scene in Africa; 15 bags of fl our for 270,000 people, dead bodies piling up one on top of the other and airborne diseases been felt everywhere as the main reason as to why the artists were gathered in the recording studio in the middle of the night. The song gained worldwide recognition, not only because it sounded good but majorly because of the reason for its production. People were happy to buy the album knowing that the money would go to help out the hunger stricken parts of

Manging Financial Resources and Decisions Assignment - 1

Manging Financial Resources and Decisions - Assignment Example (NEEDHAM. 1995) Each source of finance has its cost which is an important factor to consider in choosing the source of finance. Equity capital as a source of finance, through ordinary and preference shares has a cost of share in the company’s holding and dividend payments have to be made to the shareholders. Retained profits as a source of finance potentially involve no cost to the company. Debentures are another important source of finance which has interest payments to be made to the debenture holders. Bank finance and overdraft facility by the banks also involves payment of interest to the banks. On the other hand specific assets can be funded by hire purchase and leasing which will involves rental payments to the lessor. The company can also use its trade debtors for short term source of finance which could be done by factoring. This could involve an amount of payment to the factoring company and in some cases loss of reputation as the factoring company may not treat the debtors well. (D RANSFIELD. 2004) Mr. Singh needs finance to fund the premises and start up his business. He might not require additional money for starting up of this business as he already got a redundancy payment. To finance the premises Mr. Singh can obtain a mortgage loan from any bank and financial institution. This is the most appropriate source of finance for the premises, land and buildings. The lending institution will process the loan and Mr. Singh would get to start his business immediately and can repay the loan over the years as his business gets stronger. (NEEDHAM. 1995) A public listed company has many options to be used as a source of finance. The company could raise  £ 5 million by either equity finance or debt finance. There will be various factors that need to be considered for both the options. For equity financing the company has to see its authorized share capital before issuing new shares. For debt financing

Study of Service Quality Management at Hotel Casino Dissertation

Study of Service Quality Management at Hotel Casino - Dissertation Example Various models of service quality are observed for the criteria of quality assessment that identify the ways of improving the service such as through customer segmentation and targeting for customization of service and promotions, frontline employee and management training and motivation schemes, focusing on the servicescape or implementation of customer relationship management databases and systems that further help to adopt loyalty appreciation schemes. Service quality is of immense importance because high service quality leads to greater customer satisfaction, which in turn increases customer retention that helps to develop a sustainable competitive advantage in the fast growing competitive hotel casinos business. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I express my heartfelt gratitude to all those who contributed to the successful completion of this dissertation. Specially, I would like to thank Macau's Landmark Hotel's Casino's Manager, Ms. Choy Man Yee, Casino's Supervisor, and Ms. Choy Siu Wah for t heir cooperation, support and time to provide me with the relevant details needed to accomplish the task effectively. Also, I extend sincere thanks to my course instructor whose guidance helped me to make this dissertation meaningful. I apologize, in advance, for any errors or omissions on my part in the composition of this dissertation. ... Servicescape 34 9. Customer Information 36 10. Conclusions 38 11. Recommendations 39 12. Bibliography 40 13. Appendix 44 List of Figures Figure 1: Service Quality Components†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....8 Figure 2: The SERVQUAL Model in the Hospitality Industry†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...12 Figure 3: Quality inconsistencies drawn from various literatures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..15 Figure 4: Service Gap Model†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..16 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT In the recent years gambling tourism has been the greatest revenue generator for Macau contributing up to more than 50% of its revenue. With the boom in the gaming industry and advent of internationa l casinos in Macau particularly from Las Vegas and Australia, Macau has beaten Las Vegas in terms of revenue generation from the gaming business since 2007. Providing quality service to these customers to beat one’s competitors, in order to achieve customer loyalty has now become the major concern and a topic of hot debate for every casino’s management. The major customers for Macau’s casino businesses are from China and Hong Kong along with other international tourists. With the high rising competition among the casinos, keeping up sustainable profits and revenue, along with a reasonable market share has become a major challenge for the casino management. The only way this seems possible is by shifting from a customer attraction strategy to a more viable, profitable and easier, customer retention strategy. Customer retention i.e. holding on to loyal customers to maintain an influx of a sustainable revenue stream, is possible only by providing quality service th at beats the service offered by the competitors

Marketing Principles Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Marketing Principles - Coursework Example The idea holds that achieving the goals of the company lie squarely in finding the needs of the market targeted. The company should come up with ideas that will persuade the customer’s needs by offering better products. Marketing concept relies on research carried out in the target market. Elements of the marketing process are sets of convenient tools. Such tools help the company’s blends to produce the impact it needs in the target market. There is a perception that if a company lowers the prices of the various commodities, the sales involuntarily increases. Such situations may be different. This is because customers may be looking for other components such as quality, cost effectiveness and value added services. An airline company which reduces its price by cost cutting in areas such as; airport charges, direct sales to the customers and lowering the advertisement costs may get profit in the long run (Pride & Ferrell, 2003). Placement involves all activities of a particular company that makes the products available to the target customers. A good example is the emirates airline that has continuously advertised its services to attract more customers. Promotion entails the means through which the companies communicate to its customers about their product’s values and benefits. Most companies in London have websites. Such websites act as a communication channel between the customers and the company. Market and product orientation are the two approaches of market orientation. Product-oriented approach involves a company developing products without having to focus on the customers’ needs. This kind of approach may often lead to unsuccessful ventures. A gas company in London may decide to introduce some new services without necessarily focusing on customers’ needs (Pride & Ferrell, 2003). Market-oriented approach; the company develops a product with a focus on the customers’ needs. The products developed lie squarely on the information obtained

Open Fields and Plain View Doctrines Essay Example for Free

Open Fields and Plain View Doctrines Essay Officers Trent Nelson and Lance Mahoney were patrolling in Mill Ave. While patrolling they witnessed a man running while being chased by a woman. It was found out that the man forcibly took the bag of the woman. The two officers chased the man but they lost trace of him. However, the man dropped the purse. While in the act of chasing, Officer Nelson heard a fight and he located it. From a brick- walled backyard, he saw two teenagers fighting. He entered through the open gate and pacified the two. He also noticed baggies in the patio table few yards away. He called the parents of the boys and they went in the patio table. He noticed it to be drugs and eventually arrested the woman who was explaining about the baggies. On the other hand, Officer Mahoney pursued on the dropped purse. As he retrieved the stolen purse, he noticed marijuana cigarettes, among others, spilled from the purse. He then arrested the woman and took the contents of the purse as evidence against the woman. In the general practice, police officers are mandated to obtain a valid search warrant before they can search for items or goods in a place of the suspect. Absence of a search warrant would make the evidences obtained inadmissible when presented in court. The consequence would be wastage in effort and losing the case. Thus, a search warrant is very essential. However, there are two cases wherein a search warrant is not needed. These are the doctrines of plain view and open fields. In the present case, the evidences, marijuana and drugs were legally obtained from the crime scene. The doctrine of plain view is applicable when Officer Mahoney took the marijuana. Meanwhile, a plain view doctrine is an â€Å"exception to the warrant requirement which allows a police officer seize items which they observe and immediately recognize as evidence or contraband while they are lawfully present in an area protected by the 14th amendment† (PoliceLink. com, 2008). There are three elements before police officer can claim it as an exemption under the plain view doctrine. First, it is required that the officer must lawfully present in the place protected by the 14th Amendment (PoliceLink. com, 2008). Second, the items must be out in plain view (PoliceLink. com, 2008). Third, the officer must immediately recognize the item as evidence or contraband without making a further intrusion (PoliceLink. com, 2008). In the present case, Officer Mahoney was lawfully in a place where the marijuana was seized. This is so because they were in legal discharge of their authority as police officers in chasing criminals. The second element is also present as the marijuana was spilled from the purse and is in the plain view of the officer. The woman cannot further state that the marijuana was seized from the purse as the item was found outside the purse together with her lipstick, compact, lighter, etc. Likewise, the last element is present because Officer Mahoney immediately recognized the item as marijuana in which possession of such is punishable by law. Thus, the marijuana can be used as evidence against the owner of the purse even it was taken without a search warrant. In the case where Officer Nelson seized the drugs, the doctrine of open fields applies. Doctrine of Open Fields is another exemption from the general requirement of search warrant, probable cause, or even legal justification (Ferdico, 2004, p. 477). In this doctrine, the police officer was in the place because of a lawful discharge of his duty as peace officer. While in the place, Officer Nelson saw baggies which he immediately doubted to be an illegal drug. This would fall under the doctrine of open fields even if the woman would contend that the police officer trespassed. In the doctrine of open fields, the trespassing cannot render the evidence inadmissible as the Supreme Court concluded in Oliver v. United States (466 U. S. 170). In the said case, the Supreme Court convicted the man who was manufacturing an illegal substance based on the discovered plantation of marijuana located miles away from his home (466 U. S. 170). The court held that even the property was private, the man does not have legitimate expectation of privacy and trespassing is not even enough to invalidate the evidences (466 U. S. 170). Thus, the woman can be held liable for illegal possession of drugs based on the seized evidences under the â€Å"open fields doctrine†. In the two instances, the more applicable is the open view doctrine. This is because the three elements are present in both instances. In the case of the seizure of marijuana, the place being public does not affect the doctrine while in seizure of illegal drugs; the police officer was already in a place for legal reason, which is to pacify the fighting boys. The second element is also satisfied because the items were in plain view. The marijuana was outside the purse which had been spilled out when the purse was dropped. The illegal drug was also in plain view because the officer noticed it when he was a few steps away from the table when the baggies were placed. With regard to third element, both police officers immediately recognized the items as marijuana and illegal drug even without further intrusion of the place. Thus, the applicable doctrine is the plain view.

Chinese Face Reading Essay Example for Free

Chinese Face Reading Essay Picking up personality can be a very fun and adventurous process. Many cultural societies have many ways to do it and so many people to test; you’re never going to get the same results. One very interesting way of determining someone’s personality is Face Reading. This is a type of physiognomy that can show you your hidden personality, history, current situation, your future, even how well your health is. Face reading was developed from Ancient China by a man known as Mr. Guiguzi (481-221 B. C. ). Although it is one of many ways of measuring personalities, face reading has twelve ways of being used. The first method is called Fortune House, or also known as â€Å"Fude Gong†. This method shows whether your life is going smoothly or not. When reading someone’s face with Fortune House, the face should be round and smooth with no markings or scars that are out of the ordinary. If there happens to be any marks or scars, they will show any issues you have, such as illness, bad relationships, financial troubles, etc. The second method of face reading is Parents House, or â€Å"Fumu Gong†. It tells you whether you had a good or not so good childhood with your parents. This procedure reads the face by its forehead. If it is big, round and/or shinning, means the individual had an excellent relationship with his parents and had an enjoyable life as a child. However, if the forehead was ugly and/or damaged, then the person had a painful and difficult life when he/she was young. The next way is called Career House, or also known as â€Å"Guanlu Gong†. This method is somewhat similar to the Fortune House because it is searching for round and smooth features on a face as well. If your cheek bones stick out and have eyebrows that project, you will most likely have a better chance of having a successful career. House of Travel, or â€Å"Qianyi Gong†, would be another style of face reading someone. It is designed to examine how your travels from one place to another would be positive or negative. When you have a feature of scars or lines on your face, means you shouldn’t go anywhere at all. So whenever you would like to go out to eat at a restaurant and need to drive or take a bus, it might be safer to have a pizza delivered to where ever you are staying. Another method is Assets House (Tianzai Gong), which emphasizes the eyes as an indicator of your intelligence, temperament, and financial assets. If your eyes are set deep into your head, or if you are constantly looking high, you are considered an idiot. Narrow eye lids would represent impatience in an individual. Large pupils, clean and clear whites, and large eyes are favorable characteristics of a person’s Assets House. Health House (Jie Going) governs whether your body has excellent health or is ill. Wrinkles, stains, or other marks anywhere that is found shows that you need to go to the clinic for a checkup. However, having none of the disliked features on the face means you have nothing to worry about when it comes to your health. Any characteristic from the eyebrows and above will symbolize House of Siblings (Xiongdi Gong). This particular type of face reading decides your friendship with other people in your life. It also shows how well your genetic make-up is when the person was conceived. Thick, dark, long, and smooth eyebrows that are high above eyes tell the face reader that the subject is a brave, affectionate, and relaxed person. However, if your face shows the opposite of these facial features including scars and lines, you basically have completely different qualities. Life House (Ming Gong) will tell the person how easy or challenging your life would be. The level of difficulty in your life is determined by how close the eyebrows are to each other, and any dimples and/or marks. If smooth and shinny like the other face reading styles, shows a comfortable an easy journey in his/her life. Like the other face reading methods, House of Children (Ernu Gong) looks for smooth and round features for positive outlook in the individual. If the face seems to be gentle and round, shows that you have a successful love and sex life. Although, if you show moles or other disfeatures, you may have issues when it comes to sex and you may have a difficult time parenting your children in regards to their development and well-being. House of Marriage (Qigie Gong) shows the reader whether or not the man/woman’s marriage is going well. So fundamentally, when somebody has a gentle, smooth, and clean face, it indicates a happy marriage. A receding and/or scarred face with moles means you have a wife that you might wish to divorce. Wealth house (Caibo Gong), is quite different from most of the other Houses. This style of face reading is determined by the nose. If a nose that is large and round with nostrils that does not show and a straight bridge, then the person has excellent health, a positive attitude, and has a sufficient and satisfying amount of wealth. When the nose has certain deficiencies, the person will meet these three possible situations. If the subject is to have a crooked nose with unhidden nostrils, shows that they have a problem with their money, career, and personality. If it shows any blood vassals, indicates that he/she is on the verge of becoming bankrupt. And if the nose turns into a bloody red, it signals that tragedy and an unpleasant life will be stepping up to his/her door soon. Finally, the Popularity House (Nupu Going) is the house that governs your relationship with your friends and acquaintances, and what will come to be when you grow much older. When the face is round and smooth, then the individual is graced with popularity, and when the old age comes, you will have much support from others. But, if it is not round or smooth, you need to prepare yourself for supporting yourself instead of others helping. An excellent example of some of these face reading methods is a well known person, Quasimodo, also named as â€Å"The Hunchback of Notre-Dame†. He is a man with a face that most people would not be attracted, and is definitely unable to straighten his back. His facial features show how much his life is painful. They also show how he has had a rough and emotional time growing up when he was an infant. A disfigured face brings you nothing but negativity and misery in that person’s life. But having attractive facial features will always give you the upper-hand when reading an individual’s face. All the styles of face reading are determined by how smooth the face is, the amount of scars, lines, moles, shape of the nose, and wrinkles the face has. Each feature of the face tells about your past, what is happening now, and what is yet to come.

Youth Culture In A Young Adults Life

Youth Culture In A Young Adults Life Topic:Youth culture is a very big part of a young adults life. The way young adults dress, what they listen to, what they eat and what they do in their free time show how their youth culture has influenced them. It is often said that mass media plays an important role in shaping youth culture. It is also the main cause of moral decay in youths. Discuss. Thesis statement: Although the Internet may influence the youths to develop violent behavior, its benefits outweigh its disadvantages Mass media plays an important role in shaping the youth culture. As we all know that in the current modern society, internet, television, radio, newspapers, magazines and other mass media has became the inseparable elements of the teenagers life. Internet has become one of the most indispensable components of the youth generation. It provides a powerful platform for the youth to know about the world. However, the mass amount of information that it distributes may be both positive and negative to the youths. Teen who stared at group slashed to death. A very shocking headline appeared on Strait Times. (Tue, Nov 02, 2010, pg1) Violent behavior has already become the most notorious factor that contributes to the moral decay in youths nowadays. Violent behaviour is defined as any behaviour that causes another person any injury to the body that interferes with a persons health or comfort, or that places them in fear of being injured. (Victoria Legal Aid [VLA], 2009) Although the Internet m ay influence the youths to develop violent behavior, its benefits still outweigh its disadvantages. In this essay, I will discuss about what are the other factors leading to the violent behavior in youths and how internet benefits the youth. Internet has widened the youths channels of absorbing information and knowledge, but it includes those decadent and reactionary garbage information which may eventually cause the youth to get moral deviation. Website such as YouTube, a video-sharing website on which users can upload, share, and view videos, allows youth to contact with violent videos easily. (Hopkins, Jim October 11, 2006) While sanguinary and violent online video game also plays a significant role in influencing the youths to develop violent behavior. Counter Strike is one of the so-called killer game where the gamer plays through the eyes of a heavily armed character and kills as many enemies as possible. The violent behavior in the game like using a knife to stab the head of an enemy can be learned by youths and in extreme cases, to kill. The overflow of information of violence has intensified the juvenile crime situation, causing variations in crime types, methods and results. In the 1980s, juvenile crime general ly involves theft, fighting, stir-up-trouble crime and etc. In the 21st century, juvenile crime progresses to banded robbery, major theft even disengaged murder, armed robbery, revenge fire-tight etc. The research shows that serious crimes criminal offence has been markedly worsen. Indeed, the huge amount of information involves violence distribute by the internet plays a part in misleading the youths to develop violent behavior. However, there are still other factors contribute to the youths moral decay. We can conclude another two main factors that lead to develop violent behavior in youths in the current society. They are the domestic violence and the peer pressure. First of all, what we learn when we are young usually come from our parents, this is also why parents are their childrens first teacher. Therefore, domestic violence is undoubtedly the number one factor which cause the youths to develop violent behavior. Domestic violence is defined as violence between intimate living together or who have previously cohabited. (Eve S. Buzawa Carl G. Buzawa, 2003) The domestic violence here is mainly referring to physical abuse. Youths are highly vulnerable to fear, anxiety and pessimism if they have been seeing family abuse or even experiencing physical abuse from their parents since they were young. Children may suffer from self-abased or even get isolated from his peers and affect their academic results and daily life. If the situation becomes severe, they may be at a greater risk of runaway or committing criminal acts. Youths will get the wrong message that its okay to abuse other people or let other people hurt them. Research by Browne and Angel a (1987) supports a third of all children who see their mothers beaten develop emotional problems, boys who see their fathers beat their mothers are ten times more likely to be abusive in their adult intimate relationships. Boys who witness family violence are more likely to batter their female partners as adults, and girls who witness their mothers abuse have a higher rate of being battered as adults. These common sense observations are fact, not myth. (Ewing Charles Patrick, 1987) It is undeniable that domestic violence is the major factor which has caused the youths to develop violent behavior. Another one of the biggest factors that lead to teenage violence behavior will be the peer pressure. Peer pressure may be especially strong during adolescence. (Kate Havelin, 2000) The teenagers unstable mentality is being a time which may easily be influenced by their peers. For example, you might decide to buy a same brand of bag that your friends have. These kinds of behavior are usually harmless, but also can lead you to make dangerous decision. For example, one of your friends might persuade you to join his gang after you had been bullied by someone else and he told you that gang can help you revenge. Matt Monteverde (2008) stated that youths cannot resist the temptation of peer pressure. Many youths who experienced violence from their peers often worry that they may get more serious revenge if they inform the teacher or parents about the violence. We should deal with violence among youths thoroughly, or else wrong message will be given to the youths that violence can be accepte d. Peer pressure can cause the victim to gradually believe that I should be the victim of violence and submit to humiliation. Eventually, peer pressure would worsen the situation of violence among the youths and severity of upgrades. Despite of being one of the factors that contributes to the development of violence in youths, internets benefits still far beyond its disadvantage. Research had done by the Miniwatts Marketing Group on the number of internet user on a single day throughout the world. The estimated internet users are 1,966,514,816 on June 31, 2010 compare to 360,985,492 on Dec 31, 2000. The result shows the popularity of internet has been increased tremendously throughout the last decade. Not only because of internets convenience and extreme speed, but also its huge amount of information. Now we can simply classify the internets benefits into three main categories: research, communication and entertainment. Firstly, youths are among the top users who surf the Internet for research. Nowadays, it is not necessary for the youth to do their research in the library as the information provided by the internet is far much more than what a book or newspaper can provide. It is almost a must for youths today to use the internet for research for the purpose of gathering resources. Teachers are encouraging their students to do research online as we can almost find any type of data on almost any kind of subject that we are looking for. Moreover, with the help of search engines like Google or Yahoo, we can get access to the information that we are looking for within just a few seconds without stepping out of the house. The efficiency and the quantity of information that internet can provide has indeed made it a virtual treasure trove of information. Communication is the most popular use of the Internet, with email topping the list of all the technologies used. (Ernest Ackermann Karen Hartman, 2000) By the advent of internet, communication among people is not only confined to telephones and letters anymore. Emails have taken over the position of letters and become the number one communication tool among human beings. Software such as MSN allows us to chat online for hours with our beloved ones and we can even keep up to date with a friend who is sitting in the other part of the world just within a fraction of second. Today, we can even see each other by using web-cam for a better communication. Internet allows us to establish a kind of global friendship where you can share your thoughts, explore other cultures of different ethnicity. Again, internet has brought people an enormous convenience on communication. Lastly, it is none other than the entertainment that internet has bring to us. Nowadays, downloading videos and music from the internet become very common among the youths. Internet has provided the platform for millions of people all over the world to exchange information and resources sharing. We can upload pictures and videos to share with overseas friends. We do not need to wait for TV series every night anymore, we can just simply surf the internet and all the series will be there for us to watch. Apart from all these, the most popular entertainment that internet has provided is internet gaming. Online game can definitely help the youths to relieve pressures on academic studies and troubles. Dawn Smith stated (2010) Internet games can help children focus. Youths who have Attention Deficit Disorder, or ADD, can actually sit for longer periods of time to play some of their favorite games. Not only does this help them keep focus, it also teaches them patience. It allows those youth s who once cannot sit for a long period of time to sit longer periods as the game can engage the youths and keep their attention. According to Steven Johnson, social critic and author of Everything Bad Is Good For You, it also engages a childs decision making process, requiring children to think on their feet. Indeed internet is a double-edged sword, just like water can float a boat, so can it swallow the ship. However, internet itself is not in wrong, the benefits it had brought to us is very obvious. The problem now is lies on how are we going to use and control it. Therefore, the ability of self-control is very important for the youths and helping the youths to develop a healthy lifestyle should be our number one objective instead of blaming Internet for been the cause of developing violent behavior in youths. While the domestic violence and peer pressures are the major cause of violence in youths today. Internets benefits outweigh its disadvantages and it has truly become mans best tool in the 21st century.

Role of Blacks in the American Revolutionary War Essay example -- Afri

â€Å"And I hereby further declare all indented servants, Negroes, or others (appertaining to Rebels) free, that are able and willing to bear arms, the joining of His Majesty's Troops, as soon as may be, for the more speedily reducing the Colony to a proper sense of their duty, to this Majesty's crown and dignity.† -- Lord Dunmore's Proclamation The quote above is from the British governor of Virginia, Lord Dunmore who proclaimed freedom for African American slaves who fought for the British, after George Washington announced there would be no additional recruitment of Blacks in the Continental army in 1776. For numerous free blacks and enslaved blacks, the Revolutionary War was considered to be an essential period in black manifestation. Many public officials (like Dunmore), who initially had not expressed their views on slavery, saw the importance of African Americans and considered them an imperative tool in winning the war. Looking back, it almost seems like an inherent paradox in white America’s desire of emancipation from England while there still enslaving blacks. This concept has different grounds in white’s idea of liberation in comparison to that of the African-Americans. To white Americans, this war was for liberation in a political/economical tone rather than in the sense of the privatized oppressio n that blacks suffered from. But what started this war and what would this mean for blacks? How did these African Americans contribute to the war effort? What were there some of their duties? How did the white communities perceive them? How did it all end for these blacks? The main topic of this paper is to show how the use African Americans helped the control the outcome of the war while monitoring their contributions. .. ...Revolution." Black Soldiers in the Revolutionary War. U.S. Army, 27 Feb. 2013. Web 6 May 2015.. Egerton, Douglas R. Death or Liberty: African Americans and Revolutionary America. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. Goldman, Hal. 1997. "Black Citizenship and Military Self-Presentation in Antebellum Massachusetts." Historical Journal Of Massachusetts 26, no. 2: 157-183. Kaplan, Sidney. The Black Presence in the Era of the American Revolution, 1770-1800. Greenwich, Conn: New York Graphic Society, 1973. Lanning, Michael Lee. African Americans in the Revol. Citadel Press, 2005. Quarles, Benjamin. The Negro in the American Revolution. Chapel Hill: Published for the Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, Va., by University of North Carolina Press, 1961.

The Progress of Human Rights Reform in Turkey Essay example -- Politic

The Progress of Human Rights Reform in Turkey Throughout the last half-century of American politics, the Presidents of the United States have been more susceptible to public attack and scorn than ever before in our history. Through events such as Nixon's Watergate, Clinton's impeachment, and the Bush wars the public has voiced scathing criticism of our national leaders without fear of personal harm. People in America know that they can openly criticize anyone and anything in our country including our president or the pillars of our country's history like Abraham Lincoln, Thomas Jefferson, or even our first president George Washington. Americans do not think much about human rights because they are interlaced into the very fabric of our society. However, such rights and freedoms are not afforded to all people, and in some countries, like Turkey, a person could be killed or tortured for simply criticizing their government. Turkey is an interesting nation because in many ways it represents the divide between Western Judeo-Christian societies and Middle Eastern Islamic societies. In fact, since the beginning of the 1900's, Turkey has always been the place where Europe trails off, and another reality, another world begins.[i] As a result, it possesses many different tenets that form an amalgam within their culture, government, and everyday life. For many years Turkey and human rights were tantamount to oil and water so in order to examine their progress we must consider the short history of Turkey as a country, Turkey?s current status, and the impact of the European Union. Turkey?s brief history ?Since being founded on July 24, 1923 by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the self-proclaimed ?Father of the Turks?, Turkey?s ... ...ic, p.96. [xiii] Kilic, p.97. [xiv] Richard F. Nyrop ed., Turkey a Country Study (Washington: American, 1980), p. 188. [xv] Kilic, p. 98. [xvi] Pope, p. 152. [xvii] Pope, p. 152. [xviii] Kilic, p. 99. [xix] Kilic, p. 95. [xx] Kilic, p. 101. [xxi] Great-if they really happen; Turkey?s reforms, The Economist, August 10, 2002, pNA. [xxii] Great-if they really happen; Turkey?s reforms. [xxiii] Turkey?s human rights, The Economist, September 4, 1999, p. 50. [xxiv] Owen Matthews and Sami Kohen, Glasnost in the Air, Newsweek International, July 14, 2003, p. 33. [xxv] Matthews and Kohen, p. 33. [xxvi] Matthews and Kohen, p. 33. [xxvii] Matthews and Kohen, p. 33. [xxviii] Great- if they really happen; Turkey?s reforms. [xxix] Romano, p.12. [xxx] Matthews and Kohen, p. 33. [xxxi] Pope, p. 256. [xxxii] Kilic, p. 104.

International Business Essay

What is e-Bay’s core competency? How does it relate to its chosen strategy? e-Bay’s competencies lie in its software, which allows people to trade with little supervision. It also has competencies in dispute resolution, an automated item listing service, an online financial service and a communications platform. The integration of these allow e-Bay to have a more efficient and effective trading tool used and policed by the buyers and sellers in the site. What are the implications to the challenges identified in the case regarding e-Bay’s strategy today and the future? The challenge on translation software has the least amount of impact considering that even the users of the site are content with â€Å"pretty good.† An improvement in this area though, would make the service more reliable. Government regulation challenges are perhaps one of the most difficult. With new laws constantly passed in countries, some laws that touch on trade could prove a hindrance to e-Bay’s expansion and could restrict their operations. Unless the world becomes more open to the flow of goods, then e-Bay would constantly face problems. The digital divide is a less serious problem. With technology catching up to many countries and becoming more available and cheaper, it is only a matter of time before the internet becomes available to poor communities. Cultural attributes is one of the most problematic. Since beliefs take so much time to shape and that reactions are unpredictable, it is important for e-Bay to be able to make their strategies localized and adapt it to the current system. Finally, international expansion is an unpredictable challenge, but could prove successful if their users continue to support and trust the company for their trading needs. Which candidate should the committee nominate for the assignment? Why? The first choice would be Brett Harrison because of his experience in running line activities and supervisory staff and being rated as an excellent worker. More importantly, he has knowledge about the country which is one of the most important things in running the operations of the company there. If he doesn’t agree because of familial considerations, then, Ravi Desai should take his place, not only because of his knowledge of the country but also because he has experience in handling large operations. Should all the candidates receive the same compensation package? If not, which factors influence each package? The candidates should all receive the same principle in their compensation package: a common basic salary and a bonus dependent on their performance and contributions to the company.

Management of Pt.Asuransi Jiwasraya

INTI College Indonesia| Organization and Management| PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya| | Jessica Khou, Afifa Jindan, Jocelyn Halim| 3/8/2013| Mr. Jonny Wiguna Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 34, Jakarta Pusat 10120, Indonesia 8 March 2013 Dear Mr. Jonny Wiguna, Presented to the commissary of this organization, this is a managerial report for the period of 2012-2013. As requested in a meeting conducted on February 2013, this is a report of the managerial status of this organization as observed during the present year.This report consists of matters regarding the management theory used to conduct the business, the environment surrounding the organization and inside the organization itself, defining the structure of the organization's employees as well as their determined tasks as well as the regulation of activities in the organization. Also discussed in this report are the management strategies currently applied by the organization and what is observed to be motivating for the employees in the organizati on.Following all the observed and described matter, this report also includes several suggestions that, as the writer of this report believe, will be beneficial in terms of the optimization of performance of human capital and allocation of resources. ______________________ (Claire Afifa Halim) 8 March 2013 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The report provides an analysis of the management of the PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya. It addresses the issues related to the current management system and provides an information of how the company is in relation to its environment.The report also consists of recommendation regarding the improvement of the current management system in order for the company to reach its current goal. Analysis is completed by observing the activities and achievements of the company in the latest years of its business. To find out the general management form of the company, identification of the theory that most resembles the current management system is conducted. As a result of the obs ervations, it can be summarized that the company has an overall supporting environment for its business.The model of management used closely resembles Max Weber’s management theory and therefore the company’s structure and jobs are clearly defined and allows the company to be developing in its professionalism. PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya has also applied good motivational   methods that allow it to create good relationships between the employees of the company. However, as observed by the writer of this report, the growth of the company is not at its maximum potential.Several factors that is found to be holding the company back are the lack of promotional effort, loss of flexibility (initiative) and personal motivation of the employees due to the current management system used, inability to utilize technology effectively, limitation of growth space because of the limitation of target market and the fact that the company has not yet responded to one of the major insurance need of Indonesian. Recommendations made for the company thus include: 1. To create a syariah based insurance service for the Muslim majority of Indonesians 2.Focus more on each individual employee to develop the quality of workforce 3. Use technology in its effort to market the product 4. Increase the budget allocated for promotion and increase the frequency of promotion such as through the use of billboard, magazines and online advertisements 5. Become more globalized to reach their long-term organizational goal of being recognized globally TABLE OF CONTENT 0. 1 Introductions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 1 0. Company Backgrounds†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 0. 3 Management Theory†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 0. 4 Company Environment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 0. 5 Organizational Structures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 0. 6 Motivation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 0. 7 Strategic Management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . 8 Conclusion and Recommendation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 0. 9 List of References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 0. 1   INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Authorization This report is made in order to give further feedback for the company called PT. Asuransi JIwasraya. 1. 2 Limitations Because we don’t have a chance to visi t 1. 3 Scope of Report This report will cover several detail points, such as management theory that been use by PT.Asuransi Jiwasraya, the company’s environment, it’s also show the organization structure inside PT. Asuransi JIwasraya with their job description, and we also going to explain about the motivation inside the company, and the strategic management process that have been use by the company, we also included our recommendation to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of company management system. 0. 2   COMPANY’S   BACKGROUND Pt. Asuransi Jiwasraya is a life insurance company that has been established since the year 1859. The motto of the company is â€Å"secure your life†.PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya's vision is to â€Å"become a trusted and preferred company to provide a solution for insurance needs and financial planning. â€Å"(http://www. jiwasraya. co. id/static. php? cat_id=1&id=8&lang=id) It focuses on providing life insurance for customer and helping customer make financial plans in accordance to the developing environment where making financial decisions become more challenging. The company is owned by the governments and is a trustworthy company that has been a preferred insurance provider by several big companies.Although it is already big itself, the company faces competition and is trying to become one of the five top insurance company in Indonesia and even tackles competition from the global market. To do this the company focus es on improving the effectiveness and the efficiency of the work by improving the quality of workforce, technology and by trying to reach segments that have not yet been reached previously. New products are always developed in order to meet the ever-changing needs of customers. PT.Asuransi Jiwasraya develops its professionalism in the business and has currently won several awards including a Superbrand award for the category of Consumer's Favorite Brand. Other than that it has also won a World Finance Award for the second time in the year of 2011. In all its business efforts, the organization builds good relationship with both the employees and the society in general through social activities. The company's subdisiaries include: PT. Stannia Binekajasa and Koperasi Karyawan Jiwasraya. 0. 3   MANAGEMENT THEORYThe management theory that have been used by PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya, as observed, can be identified as   Max Weber's theory of management. The management theory of Max Weber is made in the early year of 1900, this management theory are based on the theory of authority structures and relations is based on an ideal type of organization Weber called a (bureaucracy). The bureaucracy that Weber have make should have a division of labor, authority hierarchy, formal selection, formal rules and regulations, impersonality, and career orientation. The goal of weber making his scientific management theory is to make the work activities can be done in the large group. PT. Asuransi jiwasraya is a quite large group. Thus, it uses Weber management theory because allows this company running their business more effectively and more efficiently. PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya encourage workers   to work according to the procedure that the company has made, as evidently shown in the clear roles of several department that are specified in its website. The company has made a structure of work for individual departments so as to increase efficacy and efficiency and reduce redundan t effort on issues.Each worker can focus on the task assigned specially to them, so that the workers can work well to satisfy the customers' needs and wants. PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya can be said to have a division of labor as tasks are spread out among the workers. PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya also have a formal selection in selecting people to work in their company, they selected the people based on their technical qualifications. This is because PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya want their workers to be professionals in their scope of work and have the integrity and competence in all the work especially in the field of insurance and financial planning.PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya also have   formal rules and regulation, they have the   standard operating procedure that is clear to all the unit of work, all the workers also have to provisions a minimum level of health of the company (RBC), and all the workers have to listen to the customers, identify, meet and even exceed the customers’ needs as well as anticipating the customers' needs in the future. The workers are also expected to adjust according to the customer’s expectations. PT.Asuransi Jiwasraya also have career orientations where managers are career professionals not owners of units that they manage, sot   in this company the managers make sure that the workers work well to satisfy the customers' needs and wants but the managers is not the owners of what they manage. In PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya the owners are the shareholders. So because of that PT Asuransi Jiwasraya are using the management theory’s of Max Weber because PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya has fulfilled the bureaucracy of Max Weber. The Max Weber's theory is favorable to the company because it allows the company to focus its effort on its clear formal goals.Government's company are also prone to be said as full of corruption, collusion and nepotism; Max Weber's theory of management as a model used by PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya can reduce the chance o f the issues as employees are appointed based on their performance and competence instead of their favorability among the workers. 0. 4   COMPANY’S ENVIRONMENT Environment are divided into two:   micro and macro. According to businessdictionary. com, micro environment is defined as â€Å"factors or elements in an organization's immediate area of operations that affect its performance and decision-making freedom† (http://www. usinessdictionary. com/definition/microenvironment. html) micro enviroment consist of   customers, suppliers, competitors, and pressure groups. 1. Customer. PT . Asuransi Jiwasraya is customer’s oriented there for customer’s are of   significantly   high  importance  to the company. Thus, all the products develop by Jiwasraya is base on specific segmentation of its customer’s the products that are available until now are tailored to meet the needs of these groups of customers: a. Averse investor (example product: JS Plan Dollar) b.Adult with children (example product: Dana Multiproteksi Plus c. People in general (example: Asuransi Kecelakaan Diri) d. Organizations(example porduct: Asuransi Kesehatan) e. Old people (example porduct: Jaminan Hari Tua f. Students (example porduct:JS Prestasi) g. Workers (example porduct: Dana Fleksibel) 2. Suppliers. Managers   must ensure that the daily requirement (supplies) that is needed by the company are sets in the lowest price, and the manager have to ensure that the suppliers delivers the needed inputs right on time.So the managers of PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya have to make sure that all the things that the company needs to keep the company running has been fulfilled by the suppliers, because suppliers not only have to cover up the equipment for the company, also provide the financial and labor inputs, so to keep the performance of PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya , the managers of PT. Asuransi jiwasraya   have to choose   the suppliers wisely, because supplie rs is one of the important things to keep the performance of the company. 3. Competitors.In all types of organizations, profit or non-profit have competitors, and managers cannot afford to ignore the competitors. PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya   also have many competitors, and they can’t change that, but they can avoid the competitors by giving better performance to the customers. Competitors can be a positive influence or a negative influence. A healthy competition encourages businesses to pursue the fulfillment of the needs of customers, thus increasing the quality of product and satisfy customers better.But if company is unable to keep up with the competition in the market by   utilizing all resources, then it may become a bad influence resulting in the fall of the organization as a whole. Example of PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya’s competitors include: PT. Asuransi Jiwa Manulife, PT. Prudential Life Assurance and PT. Asuransi Jiwa Sinarmas. 4. Pressure groups are groups of â⠂¬Å"Non-profit and usually voluntary organization whose members have a common cause for which they seek to influence political or corporate decision makers to achieve a declared objective.The managers must recognize the   special interest groups that attempt to influence the actions of organization. However, it does not seem that the company has any pressure group. The second environment is macro environment. According to businessdictionary. com Macro environment is define as â€Å"The major external and uncontrollable factors that influence an organization's decision making, and affect its performance and strategies† (www. businessdictionary. com/definition/macro-environment. html#ixzz2NSE44Kgp) macro environment consist of: 1. Economic conditions. http://www. worldbank. rg/en/country/indonesia/overview Indonesia continues to make a significant economic growth, in July 2012 the baseline outlooks for Indonesia is 6% and increase to 6,3% on the year of 2013, and because of t hat the country gross national income is rise from $2. 200 in the year of 2000 to $ 3. 200 in the year of 2009. So it also make a good impact for the financial management of PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya. 3. Political conditions http://asean. fta. govt. nz/indonesia-political-situation/ http://directaction. org. au/issue35/currents_undermining_indonesian_political_stability http://www. orbes. com/2009/07/17/indonesia-jakarta-economy-hotels-opinions-contributors-yudhoyono. html Indonesia has a quite stable political condition. Legal rules are established and internal conflicts have currently subsided. Indonesia has also improved in terms of its democracy as the dictatorship of Suharto was ended. Despite different political issues such as corruption and legal reformation, Indonesia was able to tackle difficulties in politics such as the bombing that happened last year. Due to this stability in political environment, companies in Indonesia including PT.Asuransi Jiwasraya enjoy predictable inf luence of law on their business. In other words, any loss derived from legal system fluctuation can be eliminated. The major political flaw of corruption in Indonesia however, does affect the business in a negative way, as it creates a negative perception of any government-related organization in the mind of its citizens. 4. Sociocultural conditions. Every customers have a changing attitudes and response. So managers must adapt their practices to changing expectation of the society, as this value, custom change so managers must also change. PT.Asuransi Jiwasraya is offering a program to make the customers feel secure in every aspect of their life, So the managers' job is to make a new innovation to make the customer more satisfy and feel more secure. So PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya can meet the changing expectations of the customers. In Indonesia, majority of the society is Muslim. This means that there is a need for the company to understand that services, especially a monetary service s uch as insurance has a differentiated regulations to the people of Indonesia, aside of the government regulation. The company should respond to this by giving an appropriately related service. . Technological conditions. The ever increasing complexity and power of technology also affects the organization. All companies in the current era have to be able to take advantage of technology development. This is because it can increase the value of work done. As a part of a society where technology is growing rapidly, PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya has adapted to the technology and utilizes some beneficial technology to help its processes. In the process of communication, for example, PT. Jiwasraya have always tried to apply the latest in communications technology complements the speed and accuracy of service.The technology is called the JL-Indo and V-SAT. Through Indo JL-policy printing process can be done at the branch where the policy issued, while the V-SAT is a communications technology that connects the entire office PT. Jiwasraya both Head Office, Regional Office or Branch Office into a single unit (on line). PT. Jiwasraya use this technology to support for having effective communication environment. Other than that, the company has also taken advantage of the limitless possibility of internet such as through the creation of website and the establishment of e-procurement system. . 0   Ã‚  COMPANY ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES Managers and their job descriptions: Board of Comissioner: 1. Djonny Wiguna 2. M. Sapta Murti 3. Sumiyati 4. Sumyana Sukandar Comissioners are the government’s officials that are in charge of the company as a whole. Comissioners make company regulations and decides on policies regarding external factors of the company such as lands and environments. Comissioners also train and employs people for the managerial positions in the company. (http://www. mrsc. org/subjects/governance/responsibilities. aspx) Board of Directors: . President Director : Hendrisman Rahim The president director have a job to leading the implementation of the management company for the interests and objectives of the company, the president director also have to be the coordinator of all the other members of the Board of Directors in carrying out the duties and authority of the Board of Directors are set out in the Articles of Association, the president director have the responsibility to oversee the Secretariat Division and the Division of Internal Control Unit. 2. Director of Coverage: Hendrisman RahimThe director of coverage have a job to setting the culture of the company, director of coverage also have a job to developing strategy and direction for the company, director of coverage also have a job leading the executive/senior management of the company (including firing and hiring) . 3. Directors of Marketing: De Yong Adrian The marketing director is responsible for the entire operation of company’s marketing department, the director of ma rketing have the responsibility to make the company is known by the customer’s, the directors of marketing also supervises and coaches the company's marketing team. 4.Directors of Finance: Hary Prasetyo Finance Director has overall control and responsibility for all financial aspects of company strategy and is expected to analyse figures and implement recommendations based on these findings with the most profitable outcomes, the financial management often managing and leading a team through difficult periods including month end, year end and annual budgeting, a Finance Director would have excellent communication skills with all levels of staff, often having to work with various departments to help them plan and manage their own budgets. Division Heads: 1. Division Head of Secretariat: SumarsonoSecretariat is defined as the administrative department of governmental organization(http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/secretariat). The administrative department is usually r esponsible for daily accounting, organizational agenda and of messages from and to the organization. A secretary as a part of the secretariat is also responsible to assist directors. 2. Division Head of Internal Control Unit: Erry Syafruddin This division’s work is to make sure that all the units in the company work in accordance with the predetermined objectives and evaluating work quality of people working in the organization.They also check documents that are related to observed issues filed by the directors as well as preparing appropriate letters of response 3. Division Head of Finance Accounting and Collection: Danang Suryono Finance division head’s task is to solve issues related to finance. The department of finance makes financial policies for the sake of the company and report any error to directors. Finance division head creates the budget plan of the company and forsee any financial chance or problem that the company may face. 4.Division Head of Investment: Syahmirwan This division makes policies and plans on what assets the company should invest on or sell in order to keep the company’s financial attributes strong. The division monitor allthe assets owned by the company and calculate investment risks for the company. 5. Division Head of Human Resources:   Udhi Prasetyanto Deals with the planning and organizing of human capital of the company. Resolves any problems between the workers of the company and file the profiles of individual employees.Is also responsible to consult the workers in relation to their work and any complaints about the company, thus making them in charge to file complaints to the different departments in the company. The division manages the placing of new employees and making sure that new employees are able to do their expected work. Training and internship are also the fields that   human resource department are responsible for. 6. Division Head of General and Fixtures:   Kompyang Wibisana The div ision head of general and fixture have a job to construct the annual work programe for PT .Asuransi Jiwasraya for the year, the head of general and fixtures also have responsibilities to implement administrative affairs public relations and cooperation with other parties, the head of general and fixtures also have to do the storage, distribution and maintenance of equipment items. 7. Actuarial Division Head: Iswardi Division that computes the risk and probability of death, marriage and birth and help insurance company determine their rate based on the statistical observation result.The division makes sure PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya obtain profit from the determined rate of service. 8. Head of Division of Underwriting Retail ; Corporate:   Umi Ratih Underwriting retail is the one who have responsibilities for providing effectiveness and efficient management of all underwriting department, this includes overseeing that the underwriting of all loan types offered by HomeStreet Bank, occur s in a timely manner and in accordance with company and investor guidelines. . Head of Division of Agency Retail ; Corporate: G. Agung Nugraha Susanta The head of agency retail have to be responsible to development as per retail standards and ensuring adherence to timelines, Division of agency retail is a people who is responsible for selling the product of PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya that only in the form of retail and also have to manage all the management of agency retail in PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya. 10.Division Head of Retail ; Corporate Selling:   Fitriansyah The head of retail and corporate selling have a job to watch and coordinate all the governments and staff division of retail and   corporate sales according to the span of control, head of retail also have to coordinate and be responsible for the creation of command updates in accordance with the development of market industry insurance matters relating to strategy (Pattern) Retail and corporate sales. 11.Head of Marketing Di vision:   Leonard Tambunan   Ã‚   The job of the marketing division is to manage product, price, distribution and promotional strategy for the company. This means that the division plans on what products to be made, where it will be marketed, and the price of the product and how to create better company image while meeting the needs of the costumers through the value of the product. 12. Division Head of Information Technology:   Ari Faizal Aliaini The division head of information have a job to oversee the development, implementation, and use of technology throughout the firm.The division head of information technology also have the responsibility to range the information systems and telecommunications activities, including determining user requirements, recommending practical solutions, and leading firm-wide efforts to improve the effective use of technology, the division head of technology also have responsibilities to provide expertise and support during system upgrade, inst allation, conversion, and file maintenance. 13.Division Head of Pension Fund Financial Institution: Lusiana The division manages the fund specified for the pension fund for the employees that retires from the company due to age, health or disability factors. It ensures that retired employees are given their rights so that they may gain benefit as they have been beneficial to the company during their year of services. In this way, the company continues to make employees feel that they are appreciated. In general, Division Heads are responsible of supervising management staffs properly.They are expected to be in charge of interpreting regularizations into policies that the division should follow in their activities. Division Heads are also in charge of making necessary changes and proposing plans regarding their divisions in a way that will help the division to develop. One of the jobs of a division head is to be a leader for the people who work in the division. Therefore, a division head should be able to aid the workers, oversee and evaluate their work and give proper feedback to the workers. Other than that they are responsible to create a good relationship between the division and customers in general. http://www. bestsamplejobdescription. com/director-job-description-2/division-director-job-descriptio/) Regional Managers: 1. James Tomasoa Jakarta I Regional Manager 2. Saripudin Bandung Regional Manager 3. I Nyoman Surata Semarang Regional Manager 4. Eddy Susanto Surabaya Regional Manager 5. Libertus Ompusunggu Makassar Regional Manager 6. Bachruddin Manado Regional Manager 7. Novi Rahmi Palembang Regional Manager 8. Sulik Harsono Malang Regional Manager 9. Jumino Balikpapan Regional Manager 10. Karmanto Pekanbaru Regional Manager 11. Dafras Jakarta II Regional Manager 12. Dwi Laksito Pontianak Regional Manager 3. Rotua Pasaribu Medan Regional Manager 14. Adi Susanto Denpasar Regional Manager 15. M. Idris Cirebon Regional Manager 16. M. Arifin Yogyakarta Reg ional Manager 17. Supardi Sudiro Jakarta III Regional Manager Regional managers are responsible for driving sales in the area of their responsibility through good leadership, customer-relationship and strategies. In businesses where the product is in the form of goods, they are responsible for merchandising of the business, but as PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya is a service company, regional managers are not expected to be responsible for merchandising.Regional managers must be able to communicate the company’s goals to each individual stores in its region. They also have to monitor that all activities are done in accordance with the regulations of the company and that all conduct meets the expectancy of the corporation. (http://www. paper-source. com/jobs/Regional-Manager-Job-Description. pdf) 6. 0   COMPANY MOTIVATION Every company must have a goal that needs to be achieved, to do that every company have to be capable of using all of resources that the company has including human resource. Human resources are very important on every step that the company has made.The success of the company   is depends on its performance. The performance of the workers inside the company depends on: personality and ability, task difficulty, resource availability, working conditions and chance or luck. But besides that, another important factor that contributes to performance is the motivation given by the company to its workers is given by the company. One of motivation that is given by PT. Asuransi Jiwasrayal is   by   providing the compensation monetary. Compensation monetary is a motivation that is given by the company by   giving the   employees a reward in the form of money.And   the result is, PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya has successfully gaining the performance of the workers. PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya also can motivate the employees by making many events that can allows relation of employees to grow. So by making many events between the employees it can gaining t he sense of belonging of the customers. PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya have a program called â€Å"management performance system†   the goal from making this performance management system is to measure the performance of the workers work, and   the result is that the employees on PT.Asuransi Jiwasraya not yet giving the best of their performance. The desire for the employee’s to achieve the goal of the company are still small, because of that reason PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya is motivating employees by giving a job enlargement to the employees. By giving the job enlargement it can make the employees to dedicate more effort into their jobs, So it can make the employees feel that they have to achieve more   than what the company has expected, so it make a good motivation for the employees, and also give a good impact for the company performance because the employees will act in the company's favor. . 0 Company’s strategic management process 1. Identifying the companyâ⠂¬â„¢s current mission, goals and strategies: Company’s mission: Provide certainty, security and convenience through the use of competitive and innovative solution to customers in need of insurance and financial planning. The company’s current goal is to be one of the top five biggest insurance company and to in long term becomes a globally known insurance company. 2. Identifying external factors: Opportunity and threat:The opportunity that arises for companies in insurance service providing business for the year of 2013 is the trend of increasing number of people purchasing insurance online. The threat faced by the companies is the fact that insurance company often mis-sell their product. This means that an insurance company might have sold their product to people who really does not need the product. Another threat faced by the company is people’s negative attitude towards insurance company, as claiming any compensation is assumed as a complicated process. 3.I dentifying internal factors: Company’s strength: 1. The company has been established for a long time, so it has a strong fundation 2. It is a well-structured company and jobs are defined clearly for everyone in the company allowing them to focus on their individual task, thus developing professionalism 3. Strong relationships between the company’s employees 4. Has won awards that may increase its credibility in the eyes of potential market including a â€Å"Best Life Insurance† award 5. Has established connection with other trusted companies 6. PT.Asuransi Jiwasraya has gained its customer’s loyalty as proven by its award in 2005: â€Å"Indonesian Customer Loyalty Award† Company’s weaknesses: 1. The company’s background theory, the Max Weber theory of management results in the loss of flexibility. 2. The company is very oriented towards satisfying a limited group of people which is Indonesian people that everything is established in a strong Indonesian culture. 3. The lack of promotional effort 4. The company has yet to utilize technology in its benefit to its maximum potential Formulating strategiesThese are the strategies used by PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya: The current strategy applied is new product development, improvement of the quality of human resources and investment on information technology. 1. New product development. The company continues to create new products that serve the needs of the customers better. For example, in the year of 2012, the company created 5 traditional products and 2 â€Å"unit-linked† products which are claimed to be more flexible as the customer can take fund out and invest more fund after 6 months of the first investment. http://www. jiwasraya. co. id/detailberita. php? id=486&lang=id) 2. PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya tries to penetrate market of different segment. The company continues to grow but as the target of increase is not reached, the company expands its area of srvice by targeting new market segment which is of the younger group of people. The insurance company produces new roduct that brings benefit especially to students. (http://keuangan. kontan. co. id/news/kinerja-jiwasraya-meleset-dari-target) 3. Improvement of quality of human resources . Utilization of technology in the organization for example the establishment of the e-procurement (online purchasing of insurance) by the company (http://systemloverz. wordpress. com/2012/12/14/penerapan-e-procurement-untuk-mewujudkan-good-corporate-governance-di-bumn/) 5. Increasing the number of agents in the organization 6. Establishing and maintaining beneficial relationship with other companies 7. Gain positive reputation through different charitable actions The company has a good strategic management process.The flaw to the strategy is that the company is very focused on its goal of reaching more premium and of creating better quality products that the company seem to neglect the fact that promotion is an important part in business. The company needs to increase its budget on advertising and its frequency of advertising. They need to establish ways for target market to find out about them rather than letting the target market find them by chance. This is also true as some people makes their choices based on the fact that the company

Investigation into aqueous electrolytic cells Essay

Introduction: For this experiment, we are to test an aqueous solution, choosing from the four selections given: sodium chloride, copper sulfate, copper chloride and hydrogen sulfuric acid. The purpose of this investigation is to investigate one factor that affects the output of an aqueous electrolytic cell. We were given a double lesson to plan the experiment and another for us to collect data. I decided that the electrolytic cell I will study is copper chloride by measuring the mass of the carbon stick, the electrode. We are also given a supply of power units to help us investigate into aqueous electrolytic cells. Aim: My aim for this experiment is to investigate whether the amount of voltage in a circuit can affect the amount of solid discharged. Hypothesis (including reason): If the voltage increases, the amount of solid discharged from the electrode will increase as well. I predict that the solid discharged from the electrode will increase as the voltage increase in the circuit because as the voltage goes higher, the more energy will be produced and the faster the solid will be discharged from the electrode. And hence, the mass of the electrode will gradually become heavier as the voltage increases. Variables: Independent variable: voltage For the independent variable, it is the voltage, because I have to change it as we finish the experiment every time, meaning the input of the experiment. It is also a manipulated variable, which is a factor or condition that changes intentionally manipulated by the investigator to observe the effect. Since we want a big difference of mass change, we decided to go from 2amps to 12amps. Dependent variable: mass of electrode For the dependent variable, it is the mass of electrode, because this is what I will be measuring, meaning the output of this experiment. It is also the responding variable; the variable that may change result of the independent variable. Controlled variable: temperature, distance of carbon stick, length of carbon stick, type of cathode and anode metal, time of running led with constant current, volume or depth of emersion of electrodes. These are all the controlled variables, because they all need a certain amount or distance in order to keep the experiment constant each time I do it and to make it a fair test. Discussion & Conclusion: Referring to my graph, the line of best fit shows clearly a trend that the mass of the electrode increases as the voltage increase, therefore supporting my hypothesis, proving that the prediction was correct. As the voltage increased, the faster the solid was discharged from the electrode, causing the mass to increase gradually. However, during the process of collecting the data, there was a problem of unstable temperature. I had to redo the experiment again as the first attempt was not what I expect, the temperature went from 20.5Â ºCto43 Â ºC. Therefore, I changed the solution after every read of each different voltages in order to keep a more stable temperature and hold a fair test. I also noticed the copper chloride in the first attempt changed from turquoise color to dark green, I believe it is the carbon residue left in the solution. The second time, there was less because we changed to a new solution every reading. Excluding the errors made during the experiment, all in all base on the points stated above, it proves that my hypothesis is correct. Modifications to Original Plan: As mentioned in the discussion, due to the unexpected rapid increase of temperature as the voltage increase, I decided that the solution should be changed every reading to prevent an unfair test, producing unreliable results. Changing the solution after every reading will decrease the risk of unstable temperature and will carry out a fairer test, and the results are more accurate. Evaluation: My method was overall satisfactory as it carried out a successful experiment, proving my hypothesis right. But if I were to do this investigation again, I would decrease the voltage range as the range I did was too high; hence, producing chlorine gas which was toxic and it was too strong when the power unit reached 12amps. After this experience, I would be aware of the voltage, and next time I would only start from 1amps and end at 5amps. That way, there will be less risk of breathing in too much toxic chlorine gas and the experiment would be safer as well. This investigation can be extended to investigate on whether the aqueous solution would be affect by the length of the electrode.